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		<h1>Lôgích hình thức đại cương</h1>
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			<li>Thứ bảy - 28/09/2024 04:44</li>
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			Cuốn sách gồm 248 trang. Nội dung cuốn sách đề cập đến vấn đề Lôgích hình thức đại cương, thông qua đó giúp bạn đọc có thể hiểu được một cách sâu sắc về Lôgích hình thức đại cương
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			<div class='book-gallery-container'><p class="book-intro-text" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; color: #1e293b; margin: 0 0 16px 0;">Tài liệu Lôgích hình thức đại cương. Dưới đây là trang bìa và mục lục của tài liệu.</p><div class='book-gallery-grid'><div class='book-gallery-item'><img src='/uploads/news/2024_09/1083_2.webp' alt='Trang bìa chính thức sách Lôgích hình thức đại cương' title='Trang bìa chính thức sách Lôgích hình thức đại cương' loading='lazy' /></div><div class='book-gallery-item'><img src='/uploads/news/2024_09/1083_3.webp' alt='Mục lục chi tiết trang 1 sách Lôgích hình thức đại cương' title='Mục lục chi tiết trang 1 sách Lôgích hình thức đại cương' loading='lazy' /></div><div class='book-gallery-item'><img src='/uploads/news/2024_09/1083_4.webp' alt='Mục lục chi tiết trang 2 sách Lôgích hình thức đại cương' title='Mục lục chi tiết trang 2 sách Lôgích hình thức đại cương' loading='lazy' /></div><div class='book-gallery-item'><img src='/uploads/news/2024_09/1083_5.webp' alt='Mục lục chi tiết trang 3 sách Lôgích hình thức đại cương' title='Mục lục chi tiết trang 3 sách Lôgích hình thức đại cương' loading='lazy' /></div><div class='book-gallery-item'><img src='/uploads/news/2024_09/499_5.webp' alt='Nội dung trang phụ bản giới thiệu sách Lôgích hình thức đại cương' title='Nội dung trang phụ bản giới thiệu sách Lôgích hình thức đại cương' loading='lazy' /></div><div class='book-gallery-item'><img src='/uploads/news/2024_09/499_6.webp' alt='Nội dung mục lục và hình ảnh sách Lôgích hình thức đại cương - Trang 5' title='Nội dung mục lục và hình ảnh sách Lôgích hình thức đại cương - Trang 5' loading='lazy' /></div><div class='book-gallery-item'><img src='/uploads/news/2024_09/499_7.webp' alt='Nội dung mục lục và hình ảnh sách Lôgích hình thức đại cương - Trang 6' title='Nội dung mục lục và hình ảnh sách Lôgích hình thức đại cương - Trang 6' loading='lazy' /></div><div class='book-gallery-item'><img src='/uploads/news/2024_09/499_8.webp' alt='Nội dung mục lục và hình ảnh sách Lôgích hình thức đại cương - Trang 7' title='Nội dung mục lục và hình ảnh sách Lôgích hình thức đại cương - Trang 7' loading='lazy' /></div></div></div>
<div class="toc-text-box" style="background: linear-gradient(180deg, #ffffff 0%, #f8fafc 100%); border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 12px; padding: 26px 30px; margin: 25px 0; box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);"> <h2 style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700; color: #0f172a; padding-bottom: 14px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; margin: 0 0 20px 0; line-height: 1.4;"><i class="fa fa-list-ul" style="color: #0284c7;"></i> Mục lục & Đề cương chi tiết: Lôgích hình thức đại cương</h2> <ul style="list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0;"> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>Lời nói đầu</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 7</span></li> </ul> <h3 style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700; color: #0369a1; margin: 22px 0 10px 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; line-height: 1.4;"><i class="fa fa-bookmark" style="font-size: 13px; color: #0284c7;"></i> Chương I: NHẬP MÔN LÔGIC HỌC</h3> <ul style="list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0;"> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>I. Thuật ngữ lôgic, tư duy lôgic và lôgic học</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 9</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Thuật ngữ lôgic</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 9</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Tư duy lôgic</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 10</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>3. Lôgic học</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 18</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>II. Khái quát lịch sử hình thành và phát triển của lôgic học</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 21</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>III. Đối tượng, nhiệm vụ và phương pháp nghiên cứu của lôgic hình thức</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 29</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Đối tượng nghiên cứu</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 29</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Nhiệm vụ của lôgic hình thức</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 33</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>3. Phương pháp nghiên cứu của lôgic hình thức</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 34</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>IV. Ngôn ngữ biểu hiện và ý nghĩa nghiên cứu của lôgic hình thức</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 36</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Ngôn ngữ biểu hiện của lôgic hình thức</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 36</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Vai trò và ý nghĩa nghiên cứu của lôgic hình thức</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 37</span></li> </ul> <h3 style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700; color: #0369a1; margin: 22px 0 10px 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; line-height: 1.4;"><i class="fa fa-bookmark" style="font-size: 13px; color: #0284c7;"></i> Chương II: KHÁI NIỆM</h3> <ul style="list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0;"> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>I. Định nghĩa và đặc điểm cơ bản của khái niệm</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 41</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Định nghĩa khái niệm</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 41</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Đặc điểm cơ bản của khái niệm</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 44</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>II. Nội hàm và ngoại diên của khái niệm</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 49</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Nội hàm của khái niệm</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 49</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Ngoại diên của khái niệm</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 51</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>3. Mối quan hệ giữa nội hàm và ngoại diên của khái niệm</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 53</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>4. Khái niệm và ngôn ngữ diễn đạt khái niệm</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 54</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>III. Các loại khái niệm và quan hệ giữa các khái niệm</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 57</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Các loại khái niệm</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 57</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Quan hệ giữa các khái niệm</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 63</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>IV. Các thao tác lôgic xử lý khái niệm</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 69</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Phép mở rộng và thu hẹp khái niệm</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 69</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Phép định nghĩa khái niệm</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 70</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>3. Phép phân chia khái niệm</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 80</span></li> </ul> <h3 style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700; color: #0369a1; margin: 22px 0 10px 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; line-height: 1.4;"><i class="fa fa-bookmark" style="font-size: 13px; color: #0284c7;"></i> Chương III: CÁC QUY LUẬT CƠ BẢN CỦA TƯ DUY HÌNH THỨC</h3> <ul style="list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0;"> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>I. Quan niệm chung về các quy luật cơ bản của tư duy và tư duy hình thức</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 89</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>II. Quy luật đồng nhất</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 91</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Quan niệm chung về quy luật đồng nhất</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 91</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Một số yêu cầu của quy luật đồng nhất</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 92</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>III. Quy luật phi mâu thuẫn</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 99</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Quan niệm chung về quy luật phi mâu thuẫn</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 99</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Một số yêu cầu cơ bản của quy luật phi mâu thuẫn</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 100</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>IV. Quy luật bài trung</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 103</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Quan niệm chung về quy luật bài trung</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 103</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Một số yêu cầu cơ bản của quy luật bài trung</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 104</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>V. Quy luật lý do đầy đủ</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 107</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Quan niệm chung về quy luật lý do đầy đủ</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 107</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Một số yêu cầu cơ bản của quy luật lý do đầy đủ</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 109</span></li> </ul> <h3 style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700; color: #0369a1; margin: 22px 0 10px 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; line-height: 1.4;"><i class="fa fa-bookmark" style="font-size: 13px; color: #0284c7;"></i> Chương IV: PHÁN ĐOÁN</h3> <ul style="list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0;"> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>I. Quan niệm chung về phán đoán</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 111</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Thuật ngữ phán đoán</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 111</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Kết cấu lôgic của phán đoán</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 112</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>3. Phán đoán và câu</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 113</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>II. Các dạng phán đoán cơ bản</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 115</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Phán đoán đơn</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 115</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Phán đoán phức</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 126</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>3. Phán đoán đa phức</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 138</span></li> </ul> <h3 style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700; color: #0369a1; margin: 22px 0 10px 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; line-height: 1.4;"><i class="fa fa-bookmark" style="font-size: 13px; color: #0284c7;"></i> Chương V: SUY LUẬN</h3> <ul style="list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0;"> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>I. Quan niệm chung về suy luận</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 147</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Định nghĩa suy luận</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 147</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Kết cấu suy luận</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 148</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>II. Các loại hình suy luận diễn dịch</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 151</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Suy luận diễn dịch trực tiếp</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 152</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Tam đoạn luận</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 160</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>3. Suy luận tinh lược</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 176</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>4. Suy luận gián tiếp từ tiền đề là phán đoán phức</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 179</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>5. Một số điều kiện để câu kết luận thu được giá trị chân thực một cách tất yếu trong suy luận diễn dịch</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 185</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>III. Suy luận quy nạp</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 188</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Quan niệm chung về suy luận quy nạp</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 188</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Một số loại hình quy nạp</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 190</span></li> </ul> <h3 style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700; color: #0369a1; margin: 22px 0 10px 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; line-height: 1.4;"><i class="fa fa-bookmark" style="font-size: 13px; color: #0284c7;"></i> Chương VI: CHỨNG MINH, BÁC BỎ VÀ NGUỴ BIỆN</h3> <ul style="list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0;"> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>I. Chứng minh</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 199</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Quan niệm chung về chứng minh</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 199</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Một số phương pháp chứng minh</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 205</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>3. Một số quy tắc và những lỗi lôgic thường gặp trong phép chứng minh</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 209</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>II. Bác bỏ</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 215</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Quan niệm chung về bác bỏ</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 215</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Các phương pháp bác bỏ</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 216</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>III. Ngụy biện</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 223</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Quan niệm chung về ngụy biện</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 223</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Các hình thức ngụy biện thường gặp</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 225</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>3. Phương pháp bác bỏ ngụy biện</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 234</span></li> </ul> <h3 style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700; color: #0369a1; margin: 22px 0 10px 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; line-height: 1.4;"><i class="fa fa-bookmark" style="font-size: 13px; color: #0284c7;"></i> Chương VII: GIẢ THUYẾT VÀ XÂY DỰNG GIẢ THUYẾT KHOA HỌC</h3> <ul style="list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0;"> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>I. Bản chất và cấu trúc của giả thuyết</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 235</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Bản chất giả thuyết</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 235</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Cấu trúc giả thuyết</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 237</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>3. Phân loại giả thuyết</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 239</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>II. Xây dựng, phát triển giả thuyết</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 241</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Giai đoạn thu thập và phân tích dữ kiện</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 242</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Giai đoạn tổng hợp và nêu giả thuyết</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 243</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>3. Giai đoạn kiểm tra, xác nhận giả thuyết</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 243</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>III. Các phương pháp kiểm tra, xác nhận hoặc bác bỏ giả thuyết</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 244</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>1. Các phương pháp kiểm tra xác nhận giả thuyết</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 244</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>2. Các phương pháp kiểm tra bác bỏ giả thuyết</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 246</span></li> <li style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;"><span style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #334155; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500;"><span style="width: 6px; height: 6px; background: #94a3b8; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; flex-shrink: 0;"></span>DANH MỤC TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO</span><span style="font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; font-weight: 600; background: #f1f5f9; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 20px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 12px;">Tr. 249</span></li> </ul> </div>
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						<p>
				<strong>Tác giả:</strong>
				248
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						<p>
				<strong>Nguồn tin:</strong>
				M1083
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